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"Everybody wants a new Confederate flag," Bagby wrote. The three states with coasts along the Gulf (Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana) accounted for 39 flags in the survey. Can we bring a species back from the brink? When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, they flew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. The identification stuck, and the flags use proliferated. [13] The Columbia-based Daily South Carolinian observed that it was essentially a battle flag upon a flag of truce and might send a mixed message. THE CONFEDERATE 1ST NATIONAL FLAG (THE STARS & BARS) AS A MILITARY FLAG. Soon after, the first Confederate Battle Flag was also flown. Nonetheless both were still represented in the Confederate Congress and had Confederate shadow governments composed of deposed former state politicians. Four flags with nine stars (eight around a center star) emanated from Louisiana but two also were made in Mississippi in the same style. The song was sung by Mr. McCarthy in a New Orleans theater before a packed house. One More Step . Georgia adopted a new state flag in 2000, which contained a small inset image of the 1956 flag, along with other historical flags. Riddle submitted his flag proposals to Stephen Foster Hale on February 21, 1861. It was not unusual to visit a Civil War reenactment and see the groups selling bowls of beans for $3.00 with the proceeds going toward the flag conservation program. The stars are usually arranged in a circle and number seven or more. These two designs were lost, and we only know of them thanks to an 1872 letter sent by William Porcher Miles to P. G. T. Beauregard. The ensign of the Confederate States Revenue Service, designed by Dr. H. P. Capers of South Carolina on April 10, 1861. The only change was a substitution of a red bar for one-half of the white field of the former flag, composing the flag's outer end. Twitter. A Virginia Department of Historic Resources marker declaring Fairfax, Virginia, as the birthplace of the Confederate battle flag was dedicated on April 12, 2008, near the intersection of Main and Oak Streets, in Fairfax, Virginia. Because of its similarity to the U.S. flag, the Stars and Bars was sometimes confused with the Stars and Stripes in the smoke of battle. Share. A mans world? The Dixiecrats adoption of the Confederate battle flag as a party symbol led to a surge in the banners popularity, and a flag fad spread from college campuses to Korean War battlefields and beyond. Ships chandlers, Henry Vaughan in Mobile, Alabama and Hugh Vincent in Charleston, South Carolina, accepted orders to manufacture Confederate 1st national flags of these sizes. ISBN978-0-8061-5575-3, modern display of the Confederate battle flag, private and official use of the Confederate flags, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, Modern display of the Confederate battle flag, "What you should know about the Confederate flag's evolution", "The Second Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)", "The Third Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)", "Nicola Marschall: Excerpts from "The German Artist Who Designed the Confederate Flag and Uniform", "First Confederate Flag and Its Designer O.R. General Johnston suggested making it square to conserve material. In addition to the 112 1st national flags from states east of the Mississippi, a number of Confederate 1st national flags from the trans-Mississippi region have also been surveyed. The Confederate Congress specified that the new design be a white field "with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be a square of two-thirds the width of the flag, having the ground red; thereupon a broad saltire of blue, bordered with white, and emblazoned with mullets or five-pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States. In 2015, the flag came roaring back into the national consciousness when a white supremacist killed nine churchgoers at the Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina. The federal dark state is creating laws without congress. In 1956, prompted by the Supreme Courts Brown v. Board of Educationruling that declared segregation unconstitutional, Georgiaadopted a state flag that prominently incorporated the symbol. The original flag of the Confederate States of America, commonly known as the STARS AND BARS, was approved by the Congress of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, and first hoisted over the capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama, on the afternoon of the 4th day of March, 1861. Miles' flag and all the flag designs up to that point were rectangular ("oblong") in shape. It is commonly referred to as the Rebel Flag, and often mistakenly called the Stars & Bars. Its a story of rebellion, racism, and disagreement over the true history of the Civil Warand as the controversy over its use during the Capitol riots shows, its divisive even 160 years after it was designed. The general consensus is that it was designed by Prussian-American artist Nicola Marschall.The design consists of a red-white-red triband (possibly inspired by the Austrian flag, with which Marcschall would . The design that was rejected early in 1861 as the Confederate national flag was adopted by Joseph E. Johnson and P.G.T. This design has become commonly regarded as a symbol of racism and white supremacy or white nationalism, especially in the Southern United States. Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. Confederate monuments soondotted the South, and the battle flag was added to the state flag of Mississippi. When their backs are against the wall, they turn to the flag, he says. Today, alongside the nations growing acknowledgment of systemic racism and widespread Black Lives Matterprotests, the Confederate flag predictably makes appearances at white supremacist gatherings. When a mob of armed insurgents flooded the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, they brought an accessory: the Confederate battle flag. the Confederate States of America began to use its first flag, the Stars and Bars, on March 5, 1861. But though it was extremely popular, this new battle flag which eventually became known as the Southern Crosswasnt adopted as the Confederacys official military or government symbol. Despite the official pattern and numbers, however, individual examples of the Stars and Bars varied greatly, with numbers of stars ranging from 1 to 17, and star patterns varying greatly beyond the officially sanctioned circle. Confederate National flag of Fort McAllister, Confederate National Flag captured from Fort Jackson, Battle flag of the 11th Mississippi Infantry Regiment used at Antietam, Surrender flag of Army of Northern Virginia. (2016). . There were three bars on the flag, two red and one white, and thus the popular name "Stars and Bars." First Flag of the Confederate States of America, March 4, 1861 The seven stars represent the seven original states: South Carolina; Mississippi; Florida; Alabama; Georgia; Louisiana and Texas. Beauregard and Joseph Johnston urged that a new Confederate flag be designed for battle. President Jefferson Davis arrived by train at Fairfax Station soon after and was shown the design for the new battle flag at the Ratcliffe House. This is the actual Stars & Bars, first official flag of the Confederate States of America, specifically the 13-star version which flew from 1861 to 1863: Confederate Stars & Bars ( public domain) The Republic was short lived and soon dissolved. On November 28, 1861, Confederate soldiers in General Robert E. Lee's newly reorganized Army of Northern Virginia received the new battle flags in ceremonies at Centreville and Manassas, Virginia, and carried them throughout the Civil War. Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a . As word spread about the conservation program the flag of the 10th Louisiana Infantry was adopted by a Canadian Reenacting Group that portrayed the unit. So Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard decided that he needed to design a different national flag so that it would . The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars", used from 1861 to 1863; the "Stainless Banner", used from 1863 to 1865; and the "Blood-Stained Banner", used in 1865 shortly before the Confederacy's dissolution. [31] Gray stated that the white field represented "purity, truth, and freedom. He described these changes and his reasons for making them in early 1861. To remedy this inadequacy, General Beauregard caused a number of Confederate 1st national flags to be made from the bunting that had been seized at the former Gosport U.S. Navy Yard near Portsmouth, Virginia. "[32], Regardless of who truly originated the Stainless Banner's design, whether by heeding Thompson's editorials or Beauregard's letter, the Confederate Congress officially adopted the Stainless Banner on May 1, 1863. It was flown forward aboard all Confederate warships while they were anchored in port. Its continued use by the Southern Army's post-war veteran's groups, the United Confederate Veterans (U.C.V.) [18] He turned to his aide, who happened to be William Porcher Miles, the former chairman of the Confederate Congress's Committee on the Flag and Seal. Three of the flags from Alabama units bore a circle of seven stars. STARS AND BARS Images of 12 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. J. Hardee. Choose from a wide range of high quality 4K or HD videos and footage. Since the end of the Civil War, private and official use of the Confederate flags, particularly the battle flag, has continued amid philosophical, political, cultural, and racial controversy in the United States. On May 1, 1863, the Confederacy adopted its first official national flag, often called the Stainless Banner. This bunting was placed in the hands of Richmond military goods dealer, George Ruskell. Four camp colors or flank markers accompanied each of these national colors. To this end, he proposed his own flag design featuring a blue saltire on white Fimbriation with a field of red. Stars and Bars (First National Flag) image by Wayne J. Lovett, 24 June 2001 The flag which first flew over Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, SC in 1861. The "Stars and Bars" flag, now called the Confederate first national pattern, was selected (without a formal vote) by the Confederate government in March 1861. "Southern Confederacy" (Atlanta, Georgia), 5 Feb 1865, pg 2. Introduction: National Flags of the Confederacy . The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. The trend continued with local reenactment groups raising the necessary funds to conserve flags. The First Official Flag of the Confederacy. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. [37] Also, Confederate regiments carried many other flags, which added to the possibility of confusion. Of 23 identified 1st national flags from Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, most (16) bear eleven stars; and of these, 7 are arranged in a circle of eleven, while 5 have ten stars surrounding a center star. [14][15] The original version of the flag featured a circle of seven white stars in the navy-blue canton, representing the seven states of the South that originally composed the Confederacy: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Efforts to memorialize the Confederate dead also began as soon as the war ended, but they ballooned as white Southerners reclaimed their power after Reconstruction. NOTE: The 4"x6" size is mounted to a 10" staff with a spear top. LEE. FIRST NATIONAL FLAGS FOR THE CONFEDERATE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Generals Beauregard and Johnston and Quartermaster General Cabell approved the 12-star Confederate Battle Flag's design at the Ratcliffe home, which served briefly as Beauregard's headquarters, near Fairfax Court House in September 1861. [citation needed]. It existed in a variety of dimensions and sizes, despite the CSN's detailed naval regulations. The result was anything but uniformity in the colors carried by the armies that coallesced in the Shenandoah Valley and around Centreville in June. But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America adopted a flag that riffed off the Unions stars and stripes. Designed by William Porcher Miles, one of the congressmen of the Confederate, the new flag had a blue X-shaped pattern called St. Andrew's Cross against a red background. [19] As early as April 1861, a month after the flag's adoption, some were already criticizing the flag, calling it a "servile imitation" and a "detested parody" of the U.S. The Southern Cross symbolized rebelliousness,writes historian John M. Koskibut now it gained a more specific connotation of resistance to the civil rights movement and to racial integration.. The official version was to have the stars in a circle, with the number corresponding to the States actually admitted to the Confederacy. Confederate Memorial Hall is a museum located in New Orleans, Louisiana containing historical artifacts related to the Confederate States of America and the American Civil War. p. 211. It resembles the Yankee flag, and that is enough to make it unutterably detestable." The flags of the Confederate States of America have a history of three successive designs during the American Civil War. flag. Because of the large number of Tennessee regiments in this corps the flag is sometimes referred to as the Tennessee Moon flag. First flag with 7 stars(March 4 May 18, 1861), Flag with 11 stars(July 2 November 28, 1861), Last flag with 13 stars(November 28, 1861 May 1, 1863), The Confederacy's first official national flag, often called the Stars and Bars, flew from March 4, 1861, to May 1, 1863. The flag adopted by the delegates to the Louisianas secession convention in January of 1861 represented Louisianas historical roots. The committee rejected the idea by a four-to-one vote, after which Beauregard proposed the idea of having two flags. From then on, the battle flag grew in its identification with the Confederacy and the South in general. Hundreds of examples were submitted from across the Confederate States and from states that were not yet part of Confederacy (e.g. But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America. ", "Gen. Beauregard suggested the flag just adopted, or else a field of blue in place of the white." The results were mixed. The museum is also known as Louisianas Civil War Museum at Confederate Memorial Hall. In February of 1863 the purchase of these 1st national flags ceased when General Beauregard instituted the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia, as modified by Charlston Clothing Depot. Only 13 flags, however, had been delivered to Major J.B. McClelland at Richmond by the battle of 1st Manassas (Bull Run), and none of these may have been distributed to the Army at Centreville before the battle. The winner of the competition was Nicola Marschall's "Stars and Bars" flag. Then, as Confederate veterans began to die in the early 20th century, groups like the United Daughters of the Confederacy pushed to commemorate themand make their version of history the official doctrine of Southern states. Lightboxes. The ANV was never the official flag of the Confederacy and was not called The Stars and Bars. If Miles had not been eager to conciliate the Southern Jews, his flag would have used the traditional upright "Saint George's Cross" (as used on the flag of England, a red cross on a white field). The "Van Dorn battle flag" was also carried by Confederate troops fighting in the Trans-Mississippi and Western theaters of war. The "Stars and Bars" caused much confusion on the battlefield because of its similarity to the United States flag, the "Stars and Stripes." The Confederate Army never had an official battle flag. The . The Confederate flag had three bars, red, white, red and a blue field with stars on it. ", The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia". As the crowd of President Trumps supporters rioted, many hoisted the symbol of a short-lived splinter nation that tore the Union apart. The 12th star represented Missouri. The garrison flag of the Confederate forces Flag flown by Confederate Missouri regiments during the Vicksburg campaign. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. [56][57] A YouGov poll in 2020 of more than 34,000 Americans reported that 41% viewed the flag as representing racism, and 34% viewed it as symbolizing southern heritage. One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. at Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1863. The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. General Pierre T. Beauregard chose a variation on the cross . The editor of the Charleston Mercury expressed a similar view: "It seems to be generally agreed that the 'Stars and Bars' will never do for us. A white rectangle, one-and-a-half times as wide as it is tall, a red vertical stripe on the far right of the rectangle, a red quadrilateral in the canton, inside the canton is a blue saltire with white outlining, with thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size inside the saltire.