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Then rewrite each active voice sentence in the passive voice and each passive voice sentence in the active voice. After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. Most of the native literature, art, and languages were completely destroyed, which left very few primary sources from before 1450. honor the empire, usually Barton and Bartons implicit interest rate was is 10%. New technology More exploration Columbian Exchange, New foodstuffs increased the population everywhere, Except for the Americas where disease decimated everyone , Migration of people Spread of religion, new syncretic cultures, Integration of the west trade was actually global new Maritime (sea-based) powers, Mercantilism & capitalism became predominant economic policies, The new global economy had long-lasting effects, European middle class gained wealth Industrialization possible, Prosperity funding for arts and architecture, Slave trade intensified as demand for labor increased, Other coerced systems created (encomienda, mita), Social class based on race & ethnicity, first time ever, Transport paid in exchange for 7 years of unpaid labor, Development of European colonies overseas, Opening of new trade routes over the Atlantic and Pacific, Population growth, which increased demand for goods, Vodun - West African spiritualism brought to caribbean, Candomble - dance to honor the gods, Bantu + Brazil, Virgin of Guadalupe - Indigenous + Catholic, Queen Nzingas rebellion in modern-day Angola, Pueblo & Apache Revolt in present-day New Mexico, Gloucester County Slave Rebellion (Virginia), Glorious Revolution (Catholic vs. Protestant in England). The work of harvesting cash crops and mining silver was labor intensive. They connected the economy of the Americas with the economies of Afro-Eurasia through new trade routes across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Evidence of the continued influence of Asian traders included the following: Asian states could limit the access of European merchants to their economies. most commonly known as slavery. (p.838), AP World History Unit 4: Transoceanic Interco, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP World History Unit 2: Networks of Exchange, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Getting More out of the Internet- Chapter Five. The days' sales in inventory ratio is calculated by dividing cost of goods sold by the average merchandise In Asia, Muslims were all on top of trade until they gave it away to Europeans. Haciendas: The Spanish often took direct control of the most productive lands from the natives and gave them to Spanish elites and noblemen. Spanish estates in the Americas that were often plantations. Frost responds with the following comments: a. Slaves were captured, transported to holding pens (Points of No Return), and then crammed on ships for the. Labor systems. commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India. In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. Slaves Mita Encomienda. The, Newtons Laws of Gravitation, Astronomical Charts, Better mapmaking, Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Compass, New ships (caravel, carrack, fluyt), Established Spanish links to Americas and Asia, Harvested cash crops, worked plantations, maintained homes. Both allowed social elites to control nearly all the economic resources and labor of individuals who lived on their lands or assigned regions. Europeans introduced exploitative labor systems to maximize commercial profits. 95 Theses. Flashcards. This system was developed to allow serfs However, natives could easily escape. (1450-1750 CE) Mit'a Labor System. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. peoples. People will always find a way to challenge state power, especially when survival is at stake. Spain, Portugal, and the creation of a global economy (Opens a modal) Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. Write the noun clauses in the following sentence. However in 1675, Metacom mounted one last effort to drive the British off the Native land. Labor given annually to the state (or political and religious elites) for the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, temples . The Labor System was ran by 12the Spanish and it rewarded conquerors with the labor of conquered non-Christian peoples. This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. It was ruled by Charles V but consisted mostly of German peoples and was continually being pulled apart until the 30 Years War brought much of it to an end, Deborah Gray White, Edward L. Ayers, Jess F. de la Teja, Robert D. Schulzinger, World History and Geography: Modern Times. While mining was not new in the Americas, Europeans took control of mineral wealth and exported most of it back to Europe. 2. The Asante Empire and Kingdom of the Kongo participated in slave trade, which increased their wealth and power. Learn. What was different about American slavery was the brutality of the system. Sailed for Spain and tried to complete Columbus' westward route. All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. Labor/Economic System. rebellion The Portuguese set up the first plantation in the Americas in Brazil. The Atlantic Slave Trade was expanded to supply labor throughout the colonies. Serfs were obliged to furnish labor services or money payments as the lord saw fit. type of labor 1450-1750 indentured servants were often of European descent (migration from Europe to the New World) however they were replaced . The languages of Spanish and Portuguese became the dominant languages of the region. Throughout East Asia, the development of Neo-Confucianism solidified a cultural identity. Include the rebellions Many revolts sprung up against land owners CONTINUITIES in global migrations from the 1450-1750 time period. In the Americas, Indigenous groups rebelled against European conquest. The Scientific Revolution, The Protestant Reformation, The Enlightenment all changed Europe. Asian merchants continued to trade most goods across Asian maritime networks. The English. Was there a faster route going west? Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mita, and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems. Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period 1450-1750. 3. Changes in Technology. They often represent the gradual removal of land from peasant ownership and a type of feudalistic order where the owners of would have agreements of loyalty but would retain control over the actual land. Justifications for slavery. Traditional labor systems were expanded because of the goods that were exchanged in the Columbian Exchange. Were there . Moreover, the lord could choose freely among serfs for army recruits, who had to serve for twenty-five years, and he could punish a serf with deportation to Siberia. His defeat of the Inca epitomizes the advantages which the Europeans had over the Amerindians, The last Incan Emperor before the Spanish conquered the Inca, reform movement led by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others that divided Christianity, German priest and professor who started the Protestant Reformation through his 95 Theses, List of criticisms with the Catholic Church that started the Protestant Reformation, Created a branch of Christianity that centered around the idea of predestination, period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent in response to the Protestant Reformation, group of people that participated in the Catholic Reformation that brought some people back to the Catholic Church, granted tolerance to the Protestants in France in 1598, war between Protestants and Catholics in Germany (broke out in 1618), Civil War in England that resulted in the King of England losing much of his power, new vision of science (developed during 17th and 18th centuries); relied on reason, Polish astronomer who developed a heliocentric theory of the Solar System, Italian astronomer who improved the telescope and supported Copenicus' views on the Solar System, described basic principles of motion and gravity, doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God, The king of France from 1643-1715. Feudalism was a social, economic, and political system that was prevalent in Europe during the Middle Ages. Europeans created various systems of forced labor and slavery within their colonial economies. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Pre-1750 European conquerors and empire builders: The Portuguese. 272.5 KB. Sold as goods. This is whats known as the. In Qing dynasty China, the Canton system had similar goals and limited most European merchant activity to the Southern Chinese port of Canton. Increased trade between Africa and Asia. During the Protestant Reformation, the Pope's authority was politically challenged. 1450-1750. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Coercion, Plantation zone, Plantation Complex and more. The check software/printer, which is not password protected, is on the owner's desk in an office that contains company checks and is normally unlocked. The French aligned with the Iroquois for protection and trading rights. What were the challenges to state power and expansion? Anita had (*spend*) a long evening baby-sitting the active two-year-old. Cash crops were profitable, but required a lot of labor. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. Columbus was an all around terrible human being that committed mass genocide, but he gets the namesake of this era because his voyage kicked off a new global trading system. The work agreements were often signed willingly by people who wanted to go to the Americas but could not afford the journey. As a result, practices of polygamy were more common. The band members sold raffle tickets after school. The worldwide transformation into a trade-based economy using gold and silver is known as the, -As a result of increased trade and mining, prices also increased across the board.