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2. Stratified Squamous epithelium for protection against friction and abrasion. f. LARGE INTESTINE - The small intestine leads into the large intestine. These lymphocyte clusters are particularly substantial in the distal ileum where they are known as Peyers patches. Name the nutrient that may be related to each of the following: a. iron-deficiency anemia b. osteoporosis c. dehydration d. high blood pressure. The mucosa of the stomach is a simple columnar epithelium composed entirely of mucous cells that produce a protective layer of bicarbonate-rich alkaline mucus that clings to the stomach mucosa and protects the stomach wall from being damaged by acid and digested by enzymes. Hormones secreted by several endocrine glands, as well as endocrine cells of the pancreas, the stomach, and the small intestine, contribute to the control of digestion and nutrient metabolism. Instead of serosa, the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus have a dense sheath of collagen fibers called the adventitia. Name the four types of teeth and the three main parts of a typical tooth. Lipids are absorbed via lacteals, tiny structures of the lymphatic system. Contribution of Other Body Systems to the Digestive System. Also called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or gut, the alimentary canal (aliment- = to nourish) is a one-way tube about 7.62 meters (25 feet) in length during life and closer to 10.67 meters (35 feet) in length when measured after death, once smooth muscle tone is lost. Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract: The GI tract functions to provide the transportation, digestion and absorption of food that we ingest through our mouth. How does this change in consistency facilitate your gaining nutrients from food? then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, The mucosa, composed of simple epithelium cells, is the innermost layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The membrane consists of epithelium, which is in direct contact with ingested food, and the lamina propria, a layer of connective tissue analogous to the dermis. Primary dentition is composed of 20 deciduous (baby) teeth. Below this point, the alimentary canal is supplied with blood by arteries branching from the abdominal aorta. It has three parts- Caecum, Colon, and Rectum g. Mucosa (adjacent to the lumen), submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. Name the four major regions of the stomach in order from its connection with the esophagus to the small intestine. However, if you are a seasoned user . The GI tract contains four layers: the innermost layer is the mucosa, underneath this is the submucosa, followed by the muscularis propria and finally, the outermost layer - the adventitia. If $V$ equals a constant throughout a given region of space what can you say about $\mathrm{E}$ in that region? The gastrointestinal tract is a one-of-a-kind system. Describe the arrangement and subdivisions of the thorax 5. The serosa is the portion of the alimentary canal superficial to the muscularis. Young, James A. Water vapor creates all clouds and precipitation. The GI tract is composed of four layers. The Immune System and Other Body Defenses, Chemical Reactions in Metabolic Processes, Quiz: Chemical Reactions in Metabolic Processes, Connective Tissue Associated with Muscle Tissue, Quiz: Connective Tissue Associated with Muscle Tissue, Quiz: Structure of Cardiac and Smooth Muscle, Muscle Size and Arrangement of Muscle Fascicles, Quiz: Muscle Size and Arrangement of Muscle Fascicles, Quiz: The Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid, Quiz: The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands, Quiz: Functions of the Cardiovascular System, Quiz: Specific Defense (The Immune System), Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses, Quiz: Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses, Quiz: Structure of the Respiratory System, Quiz: Structure of the Digestive Tract Wall, Online Quizzes for CliffsNotes Anatomy and Physiology QuickReview, 2nd Edition. Lamina propriaIn addition to loose connective tissue, the lamina propria contains numerous blood and lymphatic vessels that transport nutrients absorbed through the alimentary canal to other parts of the body. Without these nerves, not only would your food be without taste, but you would also be unable to feel either the food or the structures of your mouth, and you would be unable to avoid biting yourself as you chew, an action enabled by the motor branches of cranial nerves. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Only then does the blood drained from the alimentary canal viscera circulate back to the heart. The blood vessels second function is to supply the organs of the alimentary canal with the nutrients and oxygen needed to drive their cellular processes. In addition, the mucosa has a thin, smooth muscle layer, called the muscularis mucosae (not to be confused with the muscularis layer, described below). Of these, eugenol, had an EC50 of 1.3 M against EBOV and is present in several plants including clove, cinnamon, basil and bay. The digestive system is responsible for the ingestion and digestion of dietary substances, the absorption of nutrients, and the elimination of waste products. The five major peritoneal folds are described in Table 23.2. As soon as food enters the mouth, it is detected by receptors that send impulses along the sensory neurons of cranial nerves. It can also determine the presence of small or large bowel obstruction, air fluid levels, pneumobilia or the presence of intramural air in bowel loops as well as in the gall bladder or urinary bladder. Muscularis: This is composed of smooth muscle and is found in two regions as inner . The mucosa is the inner layer of any epithelially-lined hollow organ (e.g., mouth, gut, uterus, trachea, bladder, etc.). Chemical peritonitis can develop any time the wall of the alimentary canal is breached, allowing the contents of the lumen entry into the peritoneal cavity. How does this change in consistency facilitate your gaining nutrients from food? The GI tract contains four layers: the innermost layer is the mucosa, underneath this is the submucosa, followed by the muscularis propria and finally, the outermost layer - the adventitia. Name the four layers of the digestive tract from superficial to deep. Hemorrhagic peritonitis occurs after a ruptured tubal pregnancy or traumatic injury to the liver or spleen fills the peritoneal cavity with blood. What layer of the alimentary canal tissue is capable of helping to protect the body against disease, and through what mechanism? The third layer of the alimentary canal is the muscularis (also called the muscularis externa). Part B: First, describe the four major layers of the GI tract that are found from esophagus to anus. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. As is the case with all body systems, the digestive system does not work in isolation; it functions cooperatively with the other systems of the body. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. Crown, neck, and root. Even more severe peritonitis is associated with bacterial infections seen with appendicitis, colonic diverticulitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (infection of uterine tubes, usually by sexually transmitted bacteria). As its name implies, the submucosa lies immediately beneath the mucosa. Accessory digestive organs, despite their name, are critical to the function of the digestive system. The stomach is a key part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, sitting between the esophagus and duodenum. In general, the GI tract is composed of. Then, draw AND describe the specific structural and functional differences in the inner lining of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine in the appropriate boxes below. Contains many glands which open into the lumen by way of ducts. Its functions are to mix food with stomach acid and break food down into smaller particles using chemical and mechanical digestion. Describe the orientation of smooth muscle fibers in the muscularis externa of the digestive tract. General structure of the gut wall: This cross section shows the mucosa in relation to the interior space, or lumen. Specifically, the more anterior parts of the alimentary canal are supplied with blood by arteries branching off the aortic arch and thoracic aorta. Mucosa: epithelium - secretion and absorption; lamina propria - nutrient absorption; muscularis muscosae - increases surface area (for digestion & absorption) 2. submucosa: receive absorbed food molecules 3. What is the importance of the mesenteries? Specifically, the more anterior parts of the alimentary canal are supplied with blood by arteries branching off the aortic arch and thoracic aorta. Answer and Explanation: 1. Support/stabilize the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity and route for blood. Each layer has different tissues and functions. Muscularis mucosaeThis thin layer of smooth muscle is in a constant state of tension, pulling the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine into undulating folds. Section of duodenum: This image shows the layers of the duodenum: the serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa. The mucosa is the innermost layer. Instead of serosa, the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus have a dense sheath of collagen fibers called the adventitia. This process of rapid renewal helps preserve the health of the alimentary canal, despite the wear and tear resulting from continued contact with foodstuffs. Accessory digestive organs comprise the second group and are critical for orchestrating the breakdown of food and the assimilation of its nutrients into the body. A team of researchers from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) and the Weizmann Institute of Science has studied what happens when they layer four sheets of it on top of each other and how this can lead to new forms of exotic superconductivity. The muscularis in the small intestine is made up of a double layer of smooth muscle: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer. 1. Quiz: Function of the Digestive System. bookmarked pages associated with this title. The alimentary canal forms a continuous tube that is open to the outside environment at both ends. It is composed of areolar connective tissue. Starting from the lumen and moving outwards, these layers are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa, which is continuous with the mesentery (see Figure 23.1.2). Within the mouth, the teeth and tongue begin mechanical digestion, whereas the salivary glands begin chemical digestion. The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract. For example, when an ulcer perforates the stomach wall, gastric juices spill into the peritoneal cavity. Stomach. the epithelium is simple columnar, and is organized into gastric pits and glands to deal with secretion. The stomach is equipped for its churning function by the addition of a third layer, the oblique muscle. The stomach is equipped for its churning function by the addition of a third layer, the oblique muscle. Lipids are absorbed via lacteals, tiny structures of the lymphatic system. Depending on the section of the digestive tract, it protects the digestive tract wall, secretes substances, and absorbs the end products of digestion. The contractions of these layers promote mechanical digestion, expose more of the food to digestive chemicals, and move the food along the canal. Also called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or gut, the alimentary canal (aliment- = "to nourish") is a one-way tube about 7.62 meters (25 feet) in length during life and closer to 10.67 meters (35 feet) in length when measured after death, once smooth muscle tone is lost. The mucosa consists of the epitheliumitself and also the supporting loose connective tissue, called lamina propria, immediately beneath the epithelium. Compare the submucosal plexus with the deeper myenteric plexus. The lamina propria lies outside the epithelium. secretory function in stomach. The peritoneal cavity is the space bounded by the visceral and parietal peritoneal surfaces. from your Reading List will also remove any Name the structure that forms the roof of the mouth. 3. The blood vessels serving the digestive system have two functions. Explain how the displacement current maintains the continuity of current in a circuit containing a capacitor. Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. When your great grandparents and even your parents were young, the mortality from peritonitis was high. Two concentric spherical metal shells are insulated from each other and from the surroundings. In this layer, both the motion planning of the device and the generation of the magnetic field are automatic. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. The digestive tract wall initiates from the esophagus and ends at the rectum. June 14, 2022; park city pickleball tournament . Although the small intestine is the workhorse of the system, where the majority of digestion occurs, and where most of the released nutrients are absorbed into the blood or lymph, each of the digestive system organs makes a vital contribution to this process (Figure 23.2). Interspersed among its epithelial cells are goblet cells, which secrete mucus and fluid into the lumen, and enteroendocrine cells, which secrete hormones into the interstitial spaces between cells. Below this point, the alimentary canal is supplied with blood by arteries branching from the abdominal aorta. Previous Muscularis: composed of two layers of muscle tissue. Describe the anatomy of the intestinal mucosa. 120K views 10 years ago This video describes the functions of the 4 layers of the Alimentary canal. The troposphere is the layer in which we live and is the layer with the most water vapor. The visceral peritoneum includes multiple large folds that envelope various abdominal organs, holding them to the dorsal surface of the body wall. In the stomach. Esophagus. 10. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Individual Components of the Gastrointestinal System Oral cavity The oral cavity or mouth is responsible for the intake of food. clinicalanatomy.com/mtd/382-layers-of-the-gi-tract, Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. It is composed of simple columnar epithelium or stratified squamous epithelium. Since the mucosa is the innermost layer within the GI tract, it surrounds an open space known as the lumen. Also present are goblet cells and endocrine cells. Both the mouth and anus are open to the external environment; thus, food and wastes within the alimentary canal are technically considered to be outside the body. Name the three regions of the small intestine from proximal to distal. Intrinsic innervation of much of the alimentary canal is provided by the enteric nervous system, which runs from the esophagus to the anus, and contains approximately 100 million motor, sensory, and interneurons (unique to this system compared to all other parts of the peripheral nervous system). Between the bases of the villi are intestinal glands lined by enteroendocrine, mucous, and stem cells. Reflect upon the structure of the bowel layers itself and describe the role each of these layers has in relation to peristalsis. The space shared between the digestive and respiratory tracts. Mucosa In this study, various types of learning strategies are investigated to address this challenge and . The main function of the organs of the alimentary canal is to nourish the body. From the inside out they are called the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. The organs of the alimentary canal are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. In turn, the digestive system provides the nutrients to fuel endocrine function. 2. The gastrointestinal wall is inflamed in a number of conditions. A broad layer of dense connective tissue, it connects the overlying mucosa to the underlying muscularis. There are 4 layers in gastrointestinal tract: from inside to outside these are mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer and serosa. Name the layers of the small intestine from superficial to deep. The hollow organs that make up the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, colon (large intestine), rectum and anal canal. All rights reserved. The mesocolon is an extension of the visceral peritoneum that attaches the large intestine to the rear of the abdominal wall. Spindle-shaped; lack T tubules, myofibrils, and sarcomeres. A: The alimentary canal is defined as the narrow muscular tube by which food enters and solid wastes Q: From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of the digestive tract are made of the same four A: The digestive tract consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Starting from the lumen and moving outwards, these layers are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa, which is continuous with the mesentery (see Figure 23.3). A. The mesentery is an extension of the visceral peritoneum that attaches the small intestine to the rear abdominal wall. Layers of the Stomach The stomach is a very complex organ. Each hematocrit specimen was spiked to obtain four glucose concentrations (50-500 mg/dL). are licensed under a, Structural Organization of the Human Body, Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems, Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back, Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax, Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System, Circulation and the Central Nervous System, Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation, Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange, Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, Digestive System Processes and Regulation, Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Human Development and the Continuity of Life, Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System, Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System, Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. In contrast, parasympathetic activation (the rest-and-digest response) increases GI secretion and motility by stimulating neurons of the enteric nervous system. Without these nerves, not only would your food be without taste, but you would also be unable to feel either the food or the structures of your mouth, and you would be unable to avoid biting yourself as you chew, an action enabled by the motor branches of cranial nerves. Consider how understanding the function of the Gastro-intestinal (GI) tract is useful in the care of patients with surgical changes for example the formation of an ileostomy. His mother picked his middle name after a famous painter, Anthony Van Dyck. The Tissue Level of Organization, Chapter 6. This system exhibited good correlation (r = 0.998) with a slope of 0.989 and intercept of 0.827, displaying good agreement with reference methods and existing parameters present on the market, i.e., YSI 2300 whole blood/plasma analyzer (Yellow Springs . It is made up of three layers: the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. If you are the site owner (or you manage this site), please whitelist your IP or if you think this block is an error please open a support ticket and make sure to include the block details (displayed in the box below), so we can assist you in troubleshooting the issue. Also called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or gut, the alimentary canal (aliment- = to nourish) is a one-way tube about 7.62 meters (25 feet) in length during life and closer to 10.67 meters (35 feet) in length when measured after death, once smooth muscle tone is lost. Describe the four layers of the gastrointestinal tract walls, including locations. The blood vessels serving the digestive system have two functions. describe the four layers of the gi tractcabo marina slip rates. The mucosa is the innermost layer, and functions in absorption and secretion. Within these folds are blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that innervate the organs with which they are in contact, supplying their adjacent organs. Legal. The epithelial membrane consists of a layer of epithelial tissue and has underlying connective tissue. The layers are discussed below, from the inside lining of the tract to the outside lining: The epithelium is the innermost layer of the mucosa. The basic two-layer structure found in the small intestine is modified in the organs proximal and distal to it. On the mucosa layer, small finger-like projections called villi and microvilli help to increase surface area for nutrient absorption. Describe the four layers of the GI tract 1. Submucosa: connective tissue layer lying just below mucosa and contains many blood vessels and nerves. Since it lacks sarcomeres, it is nonstriated. What is the importance of the mesenteries? The system is much more complex. Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves (all supplying the . Hemorrhagic peritonitis occurs after a ruptured tubal pregnancy or traumatic injury to the liver or spleen fills the peritoneal cavity with blood. In the stomach and intestines, it is a simple columnar epithelium. and any corresponding bookmarks? Even after development is complete, they maintain a connection to the gut by way of ducts. Citation: Nigam Y et al (2019) Gastrointestinal tract 4: anatomy and role of the jejunum and ileum. Hormones secreted by several endocrine glands, as well as endocrine cells of the pancreas, the stomach, and the small intestine, contribute to the control of digestion and nutrient metabolism. It is composed of epithelium cells and a thin connective tissue. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon, Next: 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Blood supplies digestive organs with oxygen and processed nutrients; absorption of nutrients, Endocrine hormones help regulate secretion in digestive glands and accessory organs, Skin helps protect digestive organs and synthesizes vitamin D for calcium absorption, Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and other lymphatic tissue defend against entry of pathogens; lacteals absorb lipids; and lymphatic vessels transport lipids to bloodstream, Skeletal muscles support and protect abdominal organs, Sensory and motor neurons help regulate secretions and muscle contractions in the digestive tract, Respiratory organs provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, Bones help protect and support digestive organs, Kidneys convert vitamin D into its active form, allowing calcium absorption in the small intestine, Apron-like structure that lies superficial to the small intestine and transverse colon; a site of fat deposition in people who are overweight, Anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and inferior border of the diaphragm, Suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the liver; provides a pathway for structures connecting to the liver, Vertical band of tissue anterior to the lumbar vertebrae and anchoring all of the small intestine except the initial portion (the duodenum), Attaches two portions of the large intestine (the transverse and sigmoid colon) to the posterior abdominal wall, Describe the organs of the alimentary canal from proximal to distal, and briefly state their function, Identify the accessory digestive organs and briefly state their function, Describe the four fundamental tissue layers of the alimentary canal and the function of each layer, Contrast the contributions of the enteric and autonomic nervous systems to digestive system functioning, Explain how the peritoneum anchors the digestive organs.