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Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves . 0000002094 00000 n The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. Details. The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. 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Fill Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Edit online. Have students click on the Earthquakes Living Lab hyperlink in the top left in the earthquakes section. 0000030968 00000 n 0000004769 00000 n When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. How are S and P waves used to determine how far away epicenters are? (Grades Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Figure 8. hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. 61 0 obj <> endobj xref 9 - distance = travel time for S waves Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). Three seismographs are needed. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA to the lag time measured at this location? Facility Name Busine Child ren Information Child Name C. Child Social Security Number Type of Case being filed - Check only one category. 0000002009 00000 n Do limits exist on what science can predict? As you may know, people have look numerous times for . The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . Figure 13.10). These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. 0000001408 00000 n consider a seismograph stationed 3, Divide the class into student pairs, and have them assemble at their computers with journals/paper and writing instruments. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. 74 Earthquake Activity: Locating the Epicenter and Time of Earthquake . Last updated November 26, 2013. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key, locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet pdf, chapter 7 lab 1 locating epicenters answer key, how many seismographs are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video - shake, shake, shake. 0000009174 00000 n Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . Copyright 2023. surface wave? Millions of people witnessed the motion of the earthquake on television. 0000002507 00000 n A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. HTAn Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. minutes and P waves 8 minutes to 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. (, Have any of you ever experienced an earthquake or know anyone who has? Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. The seismometers are shown as green dots. 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. Thanks for your feedback! 0000001736 00000 n (Figure 3):. HTn0MmcHCB You will receive your score and answers at the end. Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. 0000001777 00000 n In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. S-P interval: The time interval between the arrivals of P and S waves. The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF 9 - velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. See Answer. Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. to the lag time measured at this location? It shows the time required for P graph. 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. 0000115324 00000 n Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. Therefore, the lag We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) 0000001862 00000 n First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. Thus technology use varies from region to region and over time. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). 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As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. 0000000856 00000 n If you complete all the problems, you should be able to: Identify P, S, and surface waves on a simple seismogram. BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. What are those limits? 0000003991 00000 n This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key (PDF) - skislah.edu Web12-earthquake-location-lab-answer-key 1/1 Downloaded from skislah.edu.my on February 15, 2023 by guest 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key Right here, we have countless ebook 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key and collections to check out. How might they use this information? Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. 1. Direct students to finish the activity by completing the. aqmd. Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. Focus. Using this resource students find the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves using a seismogram. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. Quick Tips. (Grades Seismic Waves. Travel-time graphDistance in Miles, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, seismogram. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. 107 0 obj <>stream To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. What is the It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. S waves. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. 4. Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. The answer is the San Andreas Fault. To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. Thanks for your feedback! During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Success is figuring out that the epicenter is just off the coast of Chile, where the three circles intersect. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. minutes? In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. 0000030504 00000 n 0000003855 00000 n Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. gov For online instructions and current fees click here. View Notes - Locating_an_epicenter_activity from SCIENCE Earth Scie at Toms River High North. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. by. When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. ?t?s=Yt '_( endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream