[36] West was also inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa in 1998 at SUNY Plattsburgh. West doesnt care a whit that fans of The Squad and fans of Rogan may rarely cross paths in any of Facebook or Reddits echo chambershes just happy to be sparking discussion. The Dems are his familyloved despite their flawseven if almost none of them, save for Sanders, are radical enough to earn his endorsement. He has different forms that are appropriate for different occasions and different audiences. Hes got a Harry Belafonte vibe, if Belafonte had been a track star and the president of a software company as well as a singerCliff is all three, his prowess as a track star presaged by none other than Black Olympic hero Jesse Owens, whose performance in the 1936 Berlin Olympics famously shamed Hitler. He was on my wish list as someone I wanted to publish, she says. And to West, family is everything. Cornel E Imry's Phone Number (714) 837-6331 is Cornel's current phone number. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. . He is multi-vocal. Hilda Loraine Holloman (born Fowler), 1918 - 2006 Hilda Loraine Holloman was born on month day 1918. There was no tension in the air, it was just a love fest., Shes extraordinary, Cornel adds of Deiy, this real hope for the future. West is an outspoken voice in left-wing politics in the United States. He is best known for his book Race Matters (1994) and in his role as a public intellectual. Sanders has already won in terms of shaping the discourse. When asked about the origin of Cornels uncommon appellation, Irene says she liked the name because of the handsome Hungarian-American movie star Cornel Wilde who was popular at the time. Bush and other fellow honorary doctorate recipients (Photo courtesy of the West family), Gates adds that hes never known West to miss a class or a faculty meeting, and describes being on a book tour with him in 1997 for their co-authored volume on W.E.B. West also serves as co-chair of the Network of Spiritual Progressives (formerly the Tikkun Community). "[92], West has been involved with such projects as the Million Man March and Russell Simmons's Hip-Hop Summit, and worked with such public figures as Louis Farrakhan[26] and Al Sharpton, whose 2004 presidential campaign West advised. hilda holloman and cornel west. "[64] He also appears in conversation with Bill Withers in the Bill Withers documentary, Still Bill. Wealth inequality is grotesque, which my dear brother Bernie Sanders points out.. The incident didnt do Summers any favors and in the end contributed substantially to his parting ways with the university after a no-confidence vote by faculty in 2005. And now he has become head of the American killing machine and is proud of it. He attacks all of them, enacting the prophetic fire as we Christians understand him. So instead of slipping between the cracks, Cornel transferred into an accelerated program at Earl Warren Elementary the next year, where he skipped a grade and finally flourished. That honestly and cheerfully proffered hand worked wonders in a neighborhood where prejudice sprang more from unfamiliarity than from a painful historywhite South Land Parkers may not even have had a peer-to-peer experience with a Black man before. I try to play the piano to keep the bassline, but Cornel is blowing the solos.. Cornel, the second of the four West children, was born on June 2, 1953, in Tulsa, Oklahoma (the family moved to Kansas when he was just a year old)all the kids were given C names, starting with Clifton Lincoln West III (the middle name honors the president who ended slavery). I flew back to Boston with them, she says, and that same night is when the verdicts came out in L.A., West, front row center, with the rest of the schools cross country team in 1969 (Photo courtesy of John F. Kennedy High School). They hated Christianity. The fact that hes wearing the uniform while sitting in his childhood homes living room is a subtle sign that West is, like a minister, always on the job, always ready to address his audience, in the classroom, on TV or in the field. In 1968 they met then-Gov. He was becoming known as a public intellectual, he was giving lectures several times a week, but he didnt have a book that was accessible to the general public., Hoping to persuade West to write a general interest book, Chasman flew to Princeton in early 1992. [101], In 2014, West co-initiated the Stop Mass Incarceration Network, a project of the Revolutionary Communist Party USA. All rights reserved Suggest an alternative Share your comments about this record Hilda Holloman - Biographical Summaries of Notable People - MyHeritage Hilda Holloman In Biographical Summaries of Notable People Save this record and choose the information you want to add to your family tree Save record Spotted an error? Cornel would sign every book and ask every person their name and listen to their story. northern pike in maine; word ladder answers key behind the wheel; Cornel West Wives He has been married four times. Cornel West is a prominent and provocative democratic intellectual. Cornel West Children West and his first wife Hilda Holloman have a son named Clifton Louis (b. And today? Ronald Reagan at a meet and greet before that years Golden West Invitational. luffy talks to whitebeard; montana highway patrol crash map [81], West has called the US a "racist patriarchal" nation where white supremacy continues to define everyday life. For instance, he has sparred with The New Republics former literary editor, Leon Wieseltier, who called Wests books almost completely worthless, and with then-Atlantic writer Ta-Nehisi Coates, whom West labeled an Obama-apologist and neoliberal, much to Coates public perplexity as a longtime admirer of Wests work. The stated aim of the tour was to highlight the plight of the impoverished population of the United States prior to the 2012 presidential election, whose candidates West and Smiley stated had ignored the plight of the poor. Much of the West familys civic and spiritual life has revolved around their membership in Shiloh Baptist Church in Oak Park, founded in 1856 and led during Wests childhood by the mesmerizing orator Rev. Three hip-hop albums. Well, thats ridiculous. He is a frequent conversation partner with his friend Robert P. George, a prominent conservative intellectual, with the two often speaking together at colleges and universities on the meaning of liberal arts education, free speech, and civil dialogue. Jazz and blues are the templates for his philosophy, and he draws a direct line between them and the very practice of democracy itself. . [100] Five days later, he was arrested during an Occupy Wall Street protest in Harlem against the New York Police Department's stop and frisk policy. A new era is here, "Deconstructed Podcast: Cornel West on Bernie, Trump, and Racism", "In No Safe Spaces, an Odd Couple Teams up to Fight Free-Speech Bans", Union Theological Seminary (New York City), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cornel_West&oldid=1141437223, 21st-century American non-fiction writers, Activists for African-American civil rights, Members of the Democratic Socialists of America, Union Theological Seminary (New York City) faculty, Academic staff of the University of Paris, Members of the American Philosophical Society, Articles with dead external links from April 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with failed verification from November 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Black Theology and Marxist Thought" (1979) essay, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 01:59. You cant talk about race in America without talking about the unprecedented Obama phenomenon, he says, citing a timidity among liberals to say anything critical about the first Black president. [43][44][45], In February 2021, reports circulated that West was denied consideration for tenure at Harvard and had threatened to leave the university once again. Im not sure if I know myself well enough to share with others, he wrote in Brother West. [68] He has also released several hip-hop/soul/spoken word albums. West left Harvard after a widely publicized[39] dispute with then-President Lawrence Summers in 2002. In other ways, however, it was an ordinary adolescence. West, "driving through Manhattan, compares philosophy to jazz and blues, reminding us how intense and invigorating a life of the mind can be. But Cornel actually was going to be a better runner than me, the older brother says, quickly deflecting the attention, something both siblings continue to do, back and forth, so its a bit like watching a tennis match. Im a Southern girl and I was trying to get away from the [segregated] South, explains Irene, who was born in Louisiana and grew up in Texas. And perhaps the reason West has stoked equal measures of admiration and controversy is that hes changed the rules of the game in his own arena the way a great musician changes the rules of performance for a generation. Her husband, Clifton Lincoln West Jr., who died in 1994, worked for the Defense Department in procurement, and was offered a choice of several postings around the country. West married for a third time in 1991, to Ethiopian Elleni Gebre Amlak, although that marriage ended in divorce as well. Brother Bernies got some very decent people running against him, West says. Back in Topeka, Cliff had been in the first class of kindergarten children to be integrated under Brown v. Board of Education, which both Irene and her elder son remember as largely uneventful, other than the sense of gravitas that comes with being a witness to history. (1 child . I have scheduled emergency appointments and have been able to be seen same day which is amazing . success academy okta login; kokanee beer finder; hilda holloman and cornel west. hilda holloman and cornel west hilda holloman and cornel west. international franchise association convention 2022; health chapter 4 review answers; can you root raspberry cuttings in water; They had that critique of religion pacifying Black people and making them deferential to the status quo. Cornel was elected student body president as a senior at the mostly white Kennedy High School in 1968, and in the aftermath of Martin Luther King Jr.s assassination, he and his fellow students across the district, which included two other Black student body presidents, staged protests that shut down the schools until the district agreed to introduce Black studies. "Senators Hillary Clinton and John Kerry are exemplary paternalistic nihilists Their centrist or conservative policies are opportunistic efforts to satisfy centrist or conservative constituencies." Cornel West Net Worth Hilda Holloman. According to some reports, Summers also objected to West's production of a CD, the critically panned Sketches of My Culture, and to his political campaigning, including spending an alleged three weeks to promote Bill Bradley's 2000 presidential campaign. Get Sactown's top stories in your inbox by signing up for our weekly newsletter. By then, Wests academic star had begun to rise with the publication of scholarly titles like The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogy of Pragmatism. [115] West, who is critical of the current US interventionist foreign policy, referred to Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton as a "neoliberal disaster",[116] and accused Clinton of merely posing as a progressive. Doing this earned him a lot of criticism, some of it personal. Relatives & Associates. It was like being on a book tour with a rock star. West released several hip-hop albums starting in 2001, which he rather modestly refers to as spoken word recordings but which are more musically ambitious and accomplished than that, with contributions from music heavyweights like Jill Scott, KRS-One and Outkasts Andr 3000. Only people who feel threatened by the depth of his brilliance will be critical of his style, Gates says in dismissal of the tempest in a teacup that led West to temporarily decamp from what Gates describes as his intellectual home turf. But from a secular point of view, hes part of a prophetic tradition. When he was organizing down in Birmingham, hed tell people, I want you to come in your suits, because those are your cemetery clothes, and youve got to be ready to die for this movement. [94], In April 2002 West and Rabbi Michael Lerner performed civil disobedience by sitting in the street in front of the US State Department "in solidarity with suffering Palestinian and Israeli brothers and sisters." Join Facebook to connect with Hilda Holloman and others you may know. Clinton courtesy of the West family). "White America," he writes, "has been historically weak-willed in ensuring racial justice and has continued to resist fully accepting the humanity of blacks." Click to expand. Then in mid-July, Donald Trump tweeted that members of The Squadfreshman congresswomen Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Rashida Tlaib and Ayanna Pressleyshould go back to the countries they came from (all were born in America, except for Omar, who moved to the U.S. as a refugee from Somalia when she was 12), and as new questions about the nations descent into racial divisiveness burst into the national consciousness, there was West on CNN with Anderson Cooper, and there he was again, sparring on Laura Ingrahams show on Fox News. West and Rogan hit it off, and as the two-hour verbal jam session came to a close, Rogan declared it one of my favorite podcasts of all time., Oooh-ooh, we had a ball, West says when he calls to catch up from a hotel room in Detroit, where hes getting ready for a dinner with Bernie, rapper Killer Mike and newly minted supporter Cardi B, on the eve of the July Democratic debates. In 2012, West left Princeton and returned to the institution where he began his teaching career, Union Theological Seminary. Im looking for Shakespeare!, Irene and Clifton took their children to hear Martin Luther King Jr. speak at the Memorial Auditorium in 1964, when Cornel was 10. Hilda married Lester Montague Holloman. Cliff! he calls out abruptly in a voice that breaks, becoming suddenly high-pitched, the way we all have a juvenile home voice that reemerges when were back in the family abode. One of his teachers commented on a report card that Cornel is doing fine work, but seems quite unsatisfied with the class, while adding that he was an enthusiastic talker and adds a great amount of knowledge to our discussions., Cornel was precocious in other ways too, following Cliff to parties at a time when their age difference would have been most pronounced, Cliff, 15, and Cornel, 12. Wests to-ing and fro-ing can be seen as his way of maintaining a productive intellectual tensionthe academy to the pulpit, yin to yang, and back again. West thrives in the classroom, teaching four or five classes a year, mostly lower division. West thrived with a more-than-full academic load (he graduated in three yearsmagna cum laude, no lessto save his family the tuition money) and pursued graduate studies at Princeton, where he was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in philosophy in 1980. Other high-profile feuds have occurred over the years as well, some instigated by West, some by others. [32] After completing his undergraduate work at Harvard, West enrolled at Princeton University where he received a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1980, completing a dissertation under the supervision of Raymond Geuss and Sheldon Wolin,[6] becoming the first African American to graduate from Princeton with a PhD degree in philosophy. [79] In response to these remarks, five Princeton faculty members, led by professor of molecular biology Jacques Robert Fresco, said they looked with "strong disfavor upon his characterization" of Summers and that "such an analogy carries innuendoes and implications that many on the Princeton faculty find highly inappropriate, indeed repugnant and intolerable. The phone number's . In yet another unexpected pivot, West left Princeton in 2012 to return to Union Theological Seminary. I try to tell the unvarnished truth about the decadence", "On Professor Cornel West's Tenure Process Denial and the Future of Racial Justice at Harvard", "The Centenary Report of the Alpha Phi Alpha World Policy Council", "Real Time with Bill Maher: Full Cast and Crew", "Academic Scandals and the Broadcast Media", "30 Rock: "What Will Happen To The Gang Next Year? Everybodys got to talk about his issues now, whether you agree or disagree, he says. Mayor Doug Cirbo. And then during the week I had magnificent classes, West says. His mother Irene is regal despite being all smiles, an impossibly tiny, straight-backed and elegant woman who gives the impression of someone who may never have been tired in her life. Cornel West has been married four times - to Hilda Holloman (1977-), Ramona Santiago (1981-86), Elleni Gebre Amlak (1992-) and Leslie Kotkin (2016-18). I cant get through an airport. Some Greens sought to draft West to run as a presidential candidate in 2004. Christ enters the temple in Jerusalem, and sees it inhabited by unscrupulous and predatory bankersthink subprime lenders of the dayand he drives them out in a rare display of anger. "[67], On the musical front, West recorded a recitation of John Mellencamp's song "Jim Crow" for inclusion on the singer's box set On the Rural Route 7609 in 2009. [15] After Princeton, he accepted an appointment as professor of African-American studies at Harvard University, with a joint appointment at the Harvard Divinity School. West wrote: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, "Is Harvard a place for a free Black man like myself whose Christian faith and witness put equal value on Palestinian and Jewish babies like all babies and reject all occupations as immoral? Du Bois, titled The Future of the Race, as one of the best times I ever had in my life. "[74], West is also the co-host, along with Tricia Rose, of the podcast The Tight Rope. He adds, "We are [now] experiencing the sad gangsterization of America, an unbridled grasp at power, wealth, and status." He is a musical scholar, having appeared in the documentary Chasing Trane about John Coltrane, and his lifelong sense of musicality has played a big part in how he structures his lectures and phrases his ideas. [87], West has described himself as a "non-Marxist socialist" (partly because he does not view Marxism and Christianity as reconcilable)[88] and serves as honorary chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, which he has described as "the first multiracial, socialist organization close enough to my politics that I could join. And so he spent four more years at Union, then in 2016, he accepted Gates invitation to return once again to Harvard, with an appointment at both the Divinity School and the Department of African and African American Studies. Hilda Holloman is on Facebook. Find 6 people named Hilda Holloman along with free Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok profiles on PeekYou - true people search. he married elleni gebre amlak for the thrird time in 1992 anf leslie kotkin from 2022 to 2022. . Anytime I give a speech, I cant tell a story about who I am right now without telling a story about Sacramento and its impact on me. West graduated Magna Cum Laude from Harvard in Massachusetts with an A.B., Near Eastern Languages and Civilization, (1973) and obtained his M.A. He is very much at home with scholarly academic discourse, but equally at home in the Black church, or on Anderson Cooper, or giving a formal lecture in a classroom, or laughing and joking at my dinner table. [34], In his late 20s, he returned to Harvard as a W.E.B. Cornel West, Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York, Mourning in America and Dreaming in Color, Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, impoverished population of the United States, The Rich and the Rest of Us: A Poverty Manifesto, Chasing Trane: The John Coltrane Documentary, "Innovator Insights: Leah Hunt-Hendrix, Founder of Solidaire Network", "Challenging 'Passion' to Open Ojai Music Festival", "Well-Known Public Intellectual Cornel West at Whitman December 4", "Tavis Smiley, Cornell West ending their public radio show in December", "Smiley and West Noam Chomsky: The Final Smiley and West", "Artist Of The Week: Dr. Cornel West by Tamar Anitai", "Ideological odd couple Robert George and Cornel West issue a joint statement against 'campus illiberalism', "Higher Education in a Time of Protest: A Conversation with Robert George and Cornel West", "The world's top 50 thinkers for the Covid-19 age", "Author Cornel West to Speak in Robsham Theater Oct. 30", "Dr. Cornel West Releases Long-Awaited Memoir, "Brother West: Living and Loving Out Loud", "Cornel West's difficult road to Princeton", "Defector Indignant at President of Harvard", "Cornel West Returning to Union Theological Seminary", "Cornel West Will Return to Teach at Harvard", "Cornel West threatens to leave Harvard again", "I am blessed to announce with my dear brother Mordecai Lyon of The Boycott Times that I am moving from Harvard to U", "Cornel West leaving Harvard teaching post after tenure dispute", "This is my candid letter of resignation to my Harvard Dean. [117], Following the victory of Donald Trump, West contended in an op-ed for The Guardian that white working- and middle-class voters "rejected the economic neglect of neoliberal policies and the self-righteous arrogance of elites", yet "supported a candidate who appeared to blame their social misery on minorities, and who alienated Mexican immigrants, Muslims, black people, Jews, gay people, women and China in the process. July 3, 2022 orange county soccer club ny manhattan beach apartments. $14 million dollar house maine; Corn was fearless. [83] "The ugly terrorist attacks on innocent civilians on 9/11", he said, "plunged the whole country into the blues. Username. While at Yale, he participated in campus protests for a clerical labor union and divestment from apartheid South Africa. hilda holloman and cornel west. Jesse sat at that table right there and broke bread, Cliff says. And at a moment when the issue of race in America is taking center stage once again, that audience is growing quickly. He first married Hilda Holloman in 1977, with whom he later got divorced. [77] West contended he had missed only one class during his time at Harvard "in order to give a keynote address at a Harvard-sponsored conference on AIDS." He became a regular fixture on talk shows over the years, ranging from Real Time with Bill Maher and The Colbert Report to The Sean Hannity Show and Tucker Carlson Tonight. Its a more dangerous time than Los Angeles in 1992, he says. The beauty of their compositions provides the suasion, the sugar for the bowl. In 2008, West contributed his insights on the current global issue of modernized slavery and human trafficking in the documentary Call+Response. California, we thought, Thats the place for us. I think the good Lord wanted us to be here. His grandmother, his mom. That is as grand a blessing as one can imagine., Did you like what you read here? Young Cornel confronted Reagan on policy, of course, but says the governor respected him for it. And Jesus, of course, from my own Christian perspective, is the culmination, in the life that he lives and the death that he dies.. And in sixty-some years he hasnt squandered but a second or two. I always say that I am who I am because somebody loved me, he says. American philosopher and political activist (born 1953), For the residential section of Cornell University, see. [58] His scholarship has been criticized as well as praised; The New Republic literary editor Leon Wieseltier called West's writing "sectarian, humorless, pedantic and self-endeared. The response has been extraordinary. "[110], In 2011, West participated in a "Poverty Tour" with Tavis Smiley, his co-host on the Public Radio International program Smiley & West. Name. 2. [91] He asserts that Bush administration hawks "are not simply conservative elites and right-wing ideologues", but rather are "evangelical nihilists drunk with power and driven by grand delusions of American domination of the world." [103], West is an outspoken supporter of Julian Assange, on one occasion saying: "[Assange] has been simply laying bare some of the crimes and lies of the American empire. "[30], In 1970, after graduation from high school, he enrolled at Harvard College and took classes from the philosophers Robert Nozick and Stanley Cavell. This is a great space to write long text about your company and your services. While this may not entirely jibe with the prevailing secular humanism of academia, he has never hedged, hemmed or hawed about it. The economic elites, the political elites, the cultural elites. [37] In 1998, he was appointed the first Alphonse Fletcher University Professor. Select this result to view Hilda Holloman West's phone number, address, and more. [93], In 2000, West worked as a senior advisor to Democratic presidential candidate Bill Bradley. West declined, citing his active participation in the Al Sharpton campaign. It also makes money-driven, poll-obsessed elected officials deferential to corporate goals of profit often at the cost of the common good. hilda holloman and cornel westsig p320 grip module sizes. Shes referring to the April 29, 1992, verdicts in the Rodney King trial that acquitted four white police officers of any wrongdoing in Kings 1991 beating and arrest, sparking the L.A. riots. While he wasnt convinced, he was open to the idea and let her gather up the essays lying around his office. During his career, he has held professorships and fellowships at Harvard University, Yale University, Union Theological Seminary, Princeton University, Dartmouth College, Pepperdine University, and the University of Paris. The jazz motif creeps into others descriptions of West too. Everyone looks at the dining table where the Wests had family dinner every single nightyounger sisters Cheryl and Cynthia too. [105] West publicly supported 2008 Democratic presidential candidate Senator Barack Obama. The chapter itself is an eloquent, moving call to action titled Putting on Our Democratic Armor., I have always marveled at how such an unfree people as Blacks in America created the freest forms in America, such as blues and jazz, he writes. [62] In addition, West provides philosophical commentary on all three Matrix films in The Ultimate Matrix Collection, along with the integral theorist Ken Wilber.[63]. Cornel E Imry is a male in his eighties. Subscribe to Sactown Magazine . [50] West implied that the decision to deny him tenure was retaliation for his critical stance on Israel and the Palestinian cause. A lot of those kids dont see their own importance. In 2011 he called the president a puppet for corporate plutocrats and a mascot for Wall Street oligarchs on CNN. Thats what Im there for, to have an impact on young, precious lives., Two of the happiest moments in my career were when I first helped recruit him to Harvard, and then when I helped recruit him back, says Gates on a phone call from Marthas Vineyard, where hes taking a break from a schedule only slightly less hectic than Wests. Cornel West has had four wives: Hilda Holloman, whom he married in 1977, but later divorced; Ramona Santiago (1981-1986); Elleni Gebre Amlak (1992, later divorced); and most recently Leslie Kotkin . guildford school of acting auditions; gilroy google font alternative; cuisinart steamer insert; Blog Post Title February 26, 2018. But when theyd start playing Marvin Gaye, Aretha Franklin, Id say, Well, they come out of the church. His work mostly focuses on the role of race, gender, and class in American society and the means by which people act and react to their "radical conditionedness." A 1980 graduate of Princeton University, West is originally from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Which Cliff did. Hilda West currently lives in Atlanta, GA; in the past Hilda has also lived in Riverdale GA. Other names that Hilda uses includes Hilda H Holloman, Hilda Holloman West, Hilda Holoman Holloman and Hilda H West. Du Bois The Souls of Black Folk, as exhilarating in their offering of liberation as James Baldwins early essays, David Nicholson wrote of Race Matters in The Washington Post. In that sense, the two authors are more like musicians than what we think of as public intellectualsswaying opinions instead of bodies. Cornel West Wife and Children He has been married on four occasions. New York magazine wrote, By conventional standards, this is a nutty career move. But what might seem superficially nutty makes sense if you know that West wrote his Princeton dissertation, a deep dive into Marxisms intersections with radical Christianity, during his first stint teaching at Union, where he was immersed in a community of radical theologians. Thats a rare thing anywhere in the world, and it happened right there on the chocolate side of Sacramento., The West family in 1962, clockwise from top left: Clifton III, father Clifton Jr., Cornel, Cynthia, mother Irene and Cheryl (Photo courtesy of the West family), Cliff was entering the third grade, Cornel about to start kindergarten; the two brothers were already inseparable. We had Shiloh Baptist Church, and all these families tied together into one grand community, Cornel recalls of what seem halcyon days in Sacramento. I did that years ago! Wed fly to the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland in 2009, and Prince would not sleep the whole trip. In 1984, he went to Yale Divinity School in what eventually became a joint appointment in American studies. It was by his glory, grace and mercy, because when we came, California was No.