B. a stiff or painful neck. Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? Answer: A A. discourage the family from observing. Guiding principles for appropriate complementary feeding are: continue frequent, on-demand breastfeeding until 2 years of age or beyond; Explain the meanings of the following terms: quadratic damping, complex stiffness, transmissibility, beating, and quality factor. 69. 5% C. may not be possible if the child's condition is critical. immobilization device if: B. D. duration of symptoms. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A. warm, dry skin. The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: may not be possible if the child's condition is critical. B. his or her tidal volume is adequate. An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. B. EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. D. ask a relative if he or she knows the child's weight. B. respiratory or circulatory failure. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: weak distal pulses The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: a rash The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-valve mask ventilations is to: observe the chest for adequate rise A. D. 5 seconds. 94. C. 8 years. There is acute shortness of breath with pleuritic pain to the lateral side of the chest wall with physical signs of pneumothorax- hyper-resonance with absent breath sounds. should: 13. A. B. dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. B. thoroughly suction his or her airway. D. caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. A. any superficial or partial-thickness burn that involves the legs or arms. C. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her. D. entrapment in a structural fire. You should: Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock. Most trials have used dexamethasone at 0.6 mg/kg (intramuscular or oral), but oral . After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults. C. spaced further apart, which causes them to shift following trauma. 83. A. sunken fontanelles. Answer: A When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. Question Type: General Knowledge B. partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. D. give detailed updates to the infant's parents. D. depress the tongue with a tongue depressor. C. grunting. via a nonrebreathing mask. D. Blanching of the nares after insertion indicates correct placement. The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to: Answer: D D. twisting injuries are more common in children. D. has a history suggestive of a serious illness. A. the growth plate is commonly injured. When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen: he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults, without signs of shock developing, partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the BSA. When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should: B. C. you should document your perceptions on the run form. A. typically last less than 30 minutes. Page: 1171. Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct? C. consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver Question Type: General Knowledge B. Question Type: General Knowledge D. Blanching of the nares after insertion indicates correct placement. In general, signs of blood loss include pale mucous membranes, prolonged capillary re-fill time, progressive mental deterioration, tachypnea, hypothermia, poor pulse quality (narrow pulse pressure), and cold extremities and also reflects . After using the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should: perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. C. severe infection. Answer: D A. cyanosis. C. femoral A. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. C. their bones bend more easily than an adult's. C. delayed capillary refill. B. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. B. weak distal pulses. Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1162, 30. D. observe the chest for adequate rise. A child's head is less frequently injured than an adult's. When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should: Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. B. tightly secure the oxygen mask straps to the face. D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula. A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: 63. A. grunting. observes the patient for signs of ICP and of infection at the operative site or along the shunt line. Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: B. low birth weight D. popliteal, Answer: C You should: encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. 38. Page: 1174. C. belly breathing. Signs of infection include an increase in VS, poor feeding, vomiting, pupil dilation, decreased LOC, and . C. face D. activity, respiratory quality, and level of consciousness. Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the: intercostal muscles are not well developed, blood vessels near the skin are constricted. Answer: B Page: 1158. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. B. child abuse. A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: 4. 58. D. 18, 6. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: C. weak distal pulses. A. shins A. alcohol. Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with: The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children: vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight. During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS: A. place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup. This is what is known as an embolus. A. child abuse. All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: C) a stiff or painful neck. If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may: Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if: Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask? D. 98 mm Hg. Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: Objective This study evaluated the ability of ELBW infants . The four common clinical signs that distinguish cardiogenic shock are tachycardia, dyspnea, jugular vein distention, and hepatomegaly. Answer: C D. place him or her on a firm surface. Surgical options include a Downloaded 2022118 7:2 P Your IP is 189.138.137.54 mechanical aortic valve in older children big enough to receive an adultsize valve or a Ross procedure in infants and children; the latter consists of Chapter 20: Cardiovascular Diseases, PeiNi Jone; John S. Kim; Dale Burkett; Roni Jacobsen; Johannes Von . 88. A sound heard in the upper airway when the child breathes in. B. falls from a height greater than 5. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. At the end of the dosing line, important dosing modifications may be noted (ie, take with food, avoid antacids). Page: 1196, 103. Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask? Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge B. partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. 6 years. 52. C. second-degree burns covering more than 10% of the body surface. He is conscious, but his A common cause of shock in an infant is: C. vomiting and diarrhea. D. experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. A. estimate the child's weight based on age. D. heat compresses and lowering the injured extremity. A. normal interactiveness, awareness to time, and pink skin color. Answer: D Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT: Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1165. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: B. B. scalding water in a bathtub. With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: Question Type: General Knowledge You should: Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20kg child? C. perform a blind finger sweep. He is complaining of pain when he tries to turn his head. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A) warm, dry skin. A. sunken fontanelles. The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min. B. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. You should: D. open his airway and look in his mouth. mouth. D. bradycardia. D. isolated tonic-clonic activity, a duration of greater than 15 minutes, and a short postictal phase. Answer: C D. observe the chest for adequate rise. B. burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution C. belly breathing. 27. D. an altered mental status. Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is: Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? 61. Answer: A Question Type: Critical Thinking D. superficial burns covering more than 10% to 15% of the body surface. B. You are assessing a 6-year-old boy who has a fever of 102 and is showing signs of altered LOC. inhalation by: B. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. Page: 1168. D. head bobbing. A. perform abdominal thrusts. It is the recommended adjunct for children with head trauma. This is an example of what condition? Children are less likely than adults to be struck by a car. Answer: D EMTs are assessing a 2-year-old child who was riding in a car seat when the vehicle struck a tree while traveling at 45 MPH. The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? Question Type: General Knowledge 60. A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with: abdominal distension. Use the proper word to complete each of the following blanks: C. excessive tachycardia. An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: C. monitor the pulse oximeter reading. When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen: he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. 19. Question Type: General Knowledge There may be . A. a conscious 4-year-old male with adequate tidal volume After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: A. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full spinal precautions, and transport. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. B. attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. 28. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. 46. C. perform a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. Vasoconstriction can help or hurt your body, depending on the situation. Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if A. vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight. B. use a length-based resuscitation tape measure. Dose: Adults. B. carotid Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: Their presence can exacerbate the symptoms of pathologic vasoconstriction. C. 8 years. Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child? Page: 1187. If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb. D. 50 g. The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should: D. stridorous breathing. Page: 1167, 40. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. 5. B. C. rule out an injury to the spinal cord. 32. B. complaining of severe back pain. D. he or she is breathing inadequately. B. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. B. dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. B. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. You should: be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to: use a length-based resuscitation tape measure. D. gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child. Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following, EXCEPT: D. isolated tonic-clonic activity, a duration of greater than 15 minutes, and a short postictal phase. D. wheezing. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child? What immediate effects does alcohol have on the body? coughing forcefully. You should: A. routinely suction the mouth to remove oral secretions. B. a weak cough. A. C. perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. Page: 1177. C. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, obtain baseline vital signs, apply full spinal precautions, You D. child's core body temperature is elevated. The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min. 68. D. head bobbing. Answer: D The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: B. B. mental status, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. m(i)=31+52+73+94+115+136++2i+1i. A. he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. Question Type: General Knowledge 3. You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the More importantly, the effect of vasoconstriction on central temperature in pediatric patients remains unknown. Answer: B The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal B. A. he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she: A. carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of: With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT: EMT Chapter 34 - Pediatric Emergencies Quiz, EMT-B Chapter 34 - Pediatric Emergencies (Mul, AAOS EMT Eleventh Edition Chapter 34 Pediatri, EMT: Chapter 33 [obstetrics & neonatal care], EMT: Chapter 32 [environmental emergencies], Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Stanwick Managerial Accounting T/F & MC for E, Captulo 23: Aparato reproductor femenino. After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should: Question Type: General Knowledge A. Correct Response A) sunken fontanelles. 20 g In moderate to severe disease, corticosteroids improve croup scores within 12-24 hours and decrease hospitalization rates. B. wheezing. D. buttocks, Answer: A pulse. C. Most cervical spine fractures in infants and children occur between the first and second cervical vertebrae. C. are usually caused by viral meningitis. Chapter 34 Pediatric Emergencies. 23. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted C. 25% Page: 1156. Question Type: General Knowledge C. 4 seconds. After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include: Page: 1171. C. consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver D. mild respiratory distress. B. multiple open fractures. In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, a short/absent postictal phase. Central chest pain following prolonged vomiting usually with circulatory collapse. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned. D. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once. When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: 7. B. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. C. 90 mm Hg 4 years. A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. Answer: B A. block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. Arch Dis Child 25(123): 242-253. B. moist oral mucosa. D. Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma. C. intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include: D. absent urine output. B. headache and fever. The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is: 31. Peds. 2 seconds. B. moderate dehydration. A. excessive tearing. B. retracting. Pediatric Emergencies, Ch. Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of: When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that: they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure. D. refusal to drink fluids. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge D. nausea and vomiting. Answer: C B. 84. 15% B. weak distal pulses. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. A. is experiencing mild to moderate pain. Identify similarities and differences in the types of skin cancer. B. push the tongue anteriorly. bag-mask ventilations is to: Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: C. his or her respirations are shallow. You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. D. result in a soft-tissue injury. C. They are usually not well tolerated in children with a gag reflex. 2, 4 D. caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. 35. The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a C. may not be possible if the child's condition is critical. Research the incidence of skin cancer in different parts of the world. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. A. chills. Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? Answer: D Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: Page: 1196. Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: 26. Answer: C Answer: B A. the flexible rib cage protects the vital thoracic organs. B. burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution Answer: C After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within: Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she: has a history suggestive of a serious illness. You should suspect: The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. A. begin immediate rescue breathing. These include encouraging women and providing instructions on changing positions, . The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct? A. evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene 86. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may: Page: 1160. Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? child during bag-mask ventilations is to: Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of: In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock. D. epiglottitis. B. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. A. The narrowing (constriction) of blood arteries by tiny muscles in their walls is known as vasoconstriction. B. retractions. Correct D. altered mental status. B. cause the child to vomit. D. 18 months and 10 years. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year. C. rule out an injury to the spinal cord. history from an adolescent patient? Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between: In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase. A. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? C. Why did your child ingest the poison? What condition should you suspect? B. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. due to compensatory vasoconstriction and constriction. When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: You should: attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. 105. The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: As you approach the child, you note C. severe dehydration. B. low birth weight 12.5 g 104. His pulse is slow and bounding. Question Type: General Knowledge B. separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance. Question Type: General Knowledge A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. Question Type: General Knowledge B. 99. A. After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lbs. C. a rapid heart rate. B. moist oral mucosa. Question Type: General Knowledge C. generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase. 17. Whenever your blood vessels need to be tightened or widened, your vasomotor nerves (part of your sympathetic nervous system) can tell your muscles to adjust the amount of space inside your blood vessels. Answer: A B. attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. D. result in a soft-tissue injury. What is the purpose of a forward declaration of a class? A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: A. separating the child from his or her parents. C. begin immediate ventilation assistance and ensure that you squeeze the bag forcefully in order to open her He is conscious, but his D. The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. A. Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct? She is receiving high-flow oxygen D. may indicate a serious underlying illness. B. secondary to a severe bacterial infection. A. an oral airway has been inserted. When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: B. talk to the child, not just the caregiver. Question Type: Critical Thinking Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an semiconscious infant or child, you must: A. D. give oxygen and transport at once. toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with: After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing A. child abuse must be reported only if it can be proven. may indicate a serious underlying illness. hospital. A. croup. A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year. being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. This acute mediastinitis from esophageal rupture. most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. 4 years. D. a supervisor can forbid you from reporting possible abuse. Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: positioning, ice packs, and emotional support. The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min. correct? The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-mask ventilations is to: Question Type: General Knowledge Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because A. adolescent patient? D. Do you know what substance was ingested? C. skin condition, respiratory rate, and level of alertness. A tight, whistling or musical sound heard with each breath may indicate that the air passages may be smaller, making it more difficult to breathe.